Introduction
In this step-by-step tutorial we will teach you what you should do if your computer doesn’t turn on in order to identify and solve the problem.
By “computer doesn’t turn on” we mean that your computer is “dead”, i.e. nothing shows up on its screen. If you can see something on the screen your computer IS TURNING ON and thus we won’t cover what is happening with you computer in this tutorial (if this is your case you have a different problem: your computer isn’t loading the operating system – i.e. isn’t booting. We may cover this situation on a future tutorial).
The main problem with users facing this situation is that they start trying several different things without a standardized procedure and by the end of the day they don’t remember what they have already tried anymore. Worst than that, many assume that they understand how computers work, which is usually not the case. A good example is users saying that the motherboard is good and “trying to boot” because they can hear the hard disk drive spinning. This is nonsense, as hard disk drives will spin as soon as they are powered on, even if they aren’t connected to the motherboard, just to give you an idea of nonsense things we’ve seen people saying in our forums.
So we recommend you to follow our tutorial in the same order we are publishing it. Don’t assume that any of the steps is “silly” because they aren’t – many will start to disassemble the whole computer just to find out later that a defective USB drive installed on one of the USB ports was preventing the computer from turning on, and by following our guide you would have detected this problem right away.
If you have already tried several different things, please forget what you have already tried and start our guide from scratch. Don’t jump any of the steps just because you have already tried what we are saying. The order we are presenting each step is very important and just because you have already tried something before it doesn’t mean that repeating that again will produce the same effect as before.
Of course other professionals may suggest a different guide with different steps or a different order. This guide we are publishing is the result of almost 20 years of PC maintenance experience and in our opinion is the best way for you to troubleshoot your PC.
Ready? So let’s get it started!
Step 1 – External Inspection
The first thing you need to do is to check your PC externally. You will need to follow the steps below. Don’t try to turn on your computer yet:
- Check if the main power cord is attached to the wall.
- Check if the main power cord is firmly attached to the power supply (we suggest you to remove it and install it back again).
- Check if the 110/220 V switch from the power supply is in the correct position, if your power supply has one.
- Check if the on/off switch located on the power supply (on the rear side of the computer) is on the “on” position, if your power supply has one.
- Check if the reset switch on the front panel from your case isn’t stuck. You can check that by pressing it; if you can’t move it that means that it is stuck and you need to release it using tools (small screw driver, open paper clip, etc).
- Remove all external cables from your computer, including keyboard, mouse, printer, digital camera, iPod, etc, and all other external devices you may have attached to your PC like USB drives. Keep only the video monitor cable attached. So after this step the only cables that will be attached to your PC will be the power cord and the video monitor cable.
- Check if your video monitor is turned on (it should have a LED turned on or blinking indicating that it is in fact turned on). If this LED isn’t turned on or blinking, check if the video monitor power cord is correctly installed to the wall and if it is firmly attached to the monitor.
- Check if brightness and contrast settings from your video monitor are adjusted correctly (we’ve seen several times that the problem was that the screen was too dark and the system was working just fine).
After performing all these steps, try now turning on your computer. Is it working now? Great! If it isn’t, let’s see what you should do next.
Step 2 – Internal Inspection: The Basics
Now that we discarded everything that we would categorize as “silly problem” you will need to open your computer. For that you will need to remove the case left panel by removing the two screws located on the right-hand side of the computer rear panel and sliding the panel towards the rear side of the case.
Now you will need to remove everything that isn’t necessary for the computer to turn on. This is really important. To turn on the computer needs only the following components:
- Power supply;
- Motherboard;
- CPU;
- CPU cooler;
- One memory module;
- One video card.
So everything else that you might have must be removed from your computer. This includes all add-on cards you may have (e.g. add-on sound card), hard disk drives, optical disk drives, memory modules (leave just one installed), your second video card, case fans, extra fans etc. If your motherboard has on-board video and you have an add-on video card installed, remove the video card and install the video monitor cable on the on-board video connector.
Component removal must be done with no power being supplied by the power supply or you can damage components. Since your computer isn’t turning on you may find this difficult to determine. To make sure that no power is being supplied to the components, simply pull the main power cord from the wall. This is the best way to perform this procedure.
As you can see from our list above, the computer doesn’t need any disk drive to turn on. So don’t forget to remove them (you need to remove the cable that connects the drives to the motherboard AND the power cables that connect them to the power supply). You also need to disconnect the auxiliary fans present on the case from the power supply.
After removing the components that aren’t needed, try turning on your PC again (don’t forget to put the power cord back on the wall). Does it turn on now? Great, you solved the problem and now you need to install all parts back in place, one by one (i.e. turn off the computer, put one part back, turn the computer on again and see if it is still turning on). Don’t forget that you can only install components with the computer turned off, so you need to turn it off before installing the next part. If after reinstalling a part it stops turning on, this means that the last part you reinstalled is defective and must be discarded and eventually replaced or it can also be a bad contact problem with this part, which we will talk about on step four. Do not reinstall all parts at the same time, as you won’t be able to determine which component is defective. That is why we are telling you to reinstall the parts one-by-one and turning on the computer after reinstalling each part.
If your computer is still not turning on, it means that one of the parts listed above is defective or you have a bad contact problem. Before we continue, take a good look on what happens when you try to turn on your computer, this time with the case opened and with only the parts listed above installed:
- Is the power supply delivering energy? You can check this by seeing if the LEDs present on the motherboard and/or the green LED present on the case frontal panel are turning on when you press the case on/off switch. If it isn’t delivering energy this means that the power supply is defective and must be replaced.
- Is the CPU fan spinning? If it isn’t and assuming that the power supply isn’t defective, the CPU fan is defective and must be replaced. Several motherboards have a protection circuit that will shut down the system if the CPU fan is defective.
- Does the computer seem to be working for some seconds and then it shuts down (i.e. the CPU fan spins for some seconds and then the PC turns off by itself)? This can be several things but for now you should try resetting the CMOS memory (we will describe this procedure on next page).
- Can you hear any beeps coming from the small speaker located in the case? If you can, this means that you probably have a bad contact problem on your video card or memory modules (more about this later) or they are defective.
Step 3 – Clearing the CMOS Memory
The next step is to clear the CMOS memory, which is a small memory located on the motherboard in charge of storing your computer configuration. This is done by changing the position of a jumper or by shorting two pads or two pins on the motherboard with a flat-tip screwdriver. The exact location of this jumper, pads or pins depends on the motherboard and you must see the exact location on the motherboard manual (usually they have “Clear CMOS”, “CCMOS” or “CLRTC” written next to them). On the pictures below we give some examples.
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Figure 1: Clear CMOS jumper (you will need to change its position).
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Figure 2: Clear CMOS pins (you will need to short them with a flat-tip screwdriver).
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Figure 3: Clear CMOS pads (you will need to short them with a flat-tip screwdriver).
The procedure is always the same: with the computer turned off (i.e. with the computer power cord removed from the wall) move the position of the jumper or short the two pads or two pins with the screwdriver and hold it for two seconds, then move the jumper back to its default position and then turn on the computer again.
If this step didn’t solve the issue – i.e. if your computer is still not turning on – then go to the next step. If clearing the CMOS memory solved your issue, you will need to do two things. First you will need to put all parts from your computer back in place. Second you will need to enter the motherboard setup and reconfigure it. Your computer will be complaining that the CMOS memory was erased, so you will need to press F1 to enter setup and reconfigure it.Step 4 – Removing Bad Contacts
If your computer is still not turning on, you will need to clean the memory sockets, video card slot and CPU socket, as it may be a bad contact between these components and their sockets. You will need to buy isopropyl, a pencil eraser and a tooth brush, all available at any supermarket (ideally you should by an anti-static brush, but a cheap toothbrush will do the trick).
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Figure 4: Material needed to fix bad contacts.
Remove the CPU (you will need to remove the CPU cooler first, of course), the memory and the video card from the motherboard.
You will clean the edge contacts from the video card and the memory module with the eraser like if you were “erasing” them, as shown on Figures 5 and 7. Do this far away from the computer and do not touch the edge contacts (a.k.a. “golden fingers”) after cleaning then. You should clean the edge contacts available on both sides of the memory module and video card. After rubbing the eraser, clean the edge contacts with the toothbrush wet in isopropyl.
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Figure 5: Clean the memory module edge contacts with an eraser.
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Figure 6: Then clean them with a toothbrush wet in isopropyl.
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Figure 7: Clean the video card edge contacts with an eraser.
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Figure 8: Then clean them with a toothbrush wet in isopropyl.
Step 4 – Removing Bad Contacts (Cont’d)
If you have an Intel CPU based on socket 775 you can use the eraser to clean its contacts, and then use the toothbrush wet in isopropyl. If your CPU use pins (e.g. AMD CPUs, old Intel CPUs), then you can’t use the eraser as you would break the pins. In this case go ahead and use the toothbrush wet in isopropyl.
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Figure 9: Clean the CPU contacts with an eraser (only for socket 775 CPUs).
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Figure 10: Then clean them with a toothbrush wet in isopropyl.
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Figure 11: Cleaning an AMD CPU with a toothbrush wet in isopropyl.
After cleaning the parts you need to clean their sockets on the motherboard. This should be done with the toothbrush wet in isopropyl. Never use the eraser on the motherboard.
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Figure 12: Clean the CPU socket with a toothbrush wet in isopropyl.
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Figure 13: Clean the memory sockets with a toothbrush wet in isopropyl.
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Figure 14: Clean the video card slot with a toothbrush wet in isopropyl.
After cleaning everything as instructed and giving enough time for the parts to get dry, install the CPU, the CPU cooler, the memory module and the video card back to the motherboard and try turning the PC on.
If it turns on, great, you solved your problem. If it doesn’t, then proceed to the next step.
Step 5 – Troubleshooting
If you arrived at this step and you computer isn’t turning on yet this means that one of the components from your PC is defective and you need to find out which one. If you followed our guide correctly, your computer has now only the following parts installed:
- Power supply;
- Motherboard;
- CPU;
- CPU cooler;
- One memory module;
- One video card.
You will need to test each part on another computer that you know that is working correctly – you will need a computer with the same CPU socket for you to test your CPU and with the same memory type for you to test your memory modules. For most users this is the hard part, as most people don’t have two similar computers at home. You will need a friend with a similar computer (this is a terrific time to call that cousin that is always asking favors from you).
So you will get you video card, install on this other computer (removing the video card from this other computer first, of course), turn it on and see what happens. Don’t forget to test all parts, as more than one component may be defective. Also don’t forget that you can only install and remove parts with the computer turned off and for extra precaution we recommend that you do this with the main power cord removed from the wall.
After this step you will have isolated which component is defective and that must be replaced.
Originally at http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/547
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